Abstract

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a non-immune, non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory arteriopathy that predominantly involves medium-sized visceral arteries of the abdomen, including the coeliac, mesenteric and renal arteries. Differentiating SAM from other vascular diseases is crucial due to significant differences in treatment strategies and clinical outcomes. However, the diagnosis of SAM poses challenges, particularly due to the difficulty in obtaining histological samples and its radiological similarities with other vascular pathologies. A thorough understanding of the clinical and radiological features that distinguish SAM is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.