RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans presenting with an isolated pleural effusion in a patient receiving temozolomide and long-term steroids JF BMJ Case Reports JO BMJ Case Reports FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP e256255 DO 10.1136/bcr-2023-256255 VO 16 IS 11 A1 Fraser, Brooke A1 Munawar, Maha A1 Halani, Sheliza A1 Sabur, Natasha YR 2023 UL http://casereports.bmj.com/content/16/11/e256255.abstract AB Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous environmental organism found worldwide. Infection with this organism occurs predominantly in immunocompromised hosts, including persons living with HIV or those with impaired cellular immunity. Cryptococcal pleural effusions have been described in cases with extensive pulmonary involvement. Here we present the case of a woman receiving temozolomide and steroids for glioblastoma multiforme, who developed cough and dyspnoea and was found to have an uncomplicated pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture grew Cryptococcus neoformans with negative culture on bronchoalveolar lavage. High serum cryptococcal antigen titre of 1:64 prompted lumbar puncture which demonstrated positive cerebrospinal fluid for Cryptococcus neoformans. She was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Pleural involvement in the absence of pulmonary involvement has rarely been reported. We review pulmonary and radiographic manifestations of cryptococcal infection, when to assess for disseminated infection, and management principles.