Table 1

Differential diagnosis for chest pain

CardiovascularPulmonaryGastrointestinalMusculoskeletalOthers

  • Acute coronary syndrome.

  • Stable angina.

  • Aortic dissection.

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

  • Myocarditis/pericarditis.

  • Coronary artery spasm.

  • Tachyarrhythmia.

  • Valvular disease (aortic stenosis).

  • Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.

  • Pericardial tamponade.

  • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

  • Pulmonary embolism.

  • Spontaneous/tension pneumothorax.

  • Community-acquired pneumonia.

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma exacerbation.

  • Pneumomediastinum.

  • Pleurisy.

  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

  • Oesophagitis.

  • Oesophageal spasm.

  • Oesophageal rupture.

  • Gastritis.

  • Mallory-Weiss tear.

  • Peptic ulcer disease.

  • Diaphragmatic hernia.

  • Food impaction.

  • Liver pathology (cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholangitis, biliary colic).

  • Pancreatitis.

  • Costochondritis.

  • Rib fractures.

  • Chest contusion.

  • Cervical disc disease.

  • Shingles.

  • Panic attack.

  • Toxidrome.